![]() 1, 2 Colonization rates generally increase with the severity of illness and duration of hospitalization. Candida species are frequently isolated from the oral cavity and are detected in 31%–60% of healthy individuals. Symptomatic mucosal candidiasis (MC) arises in subjects colonized with Candida who are predisposed by illness, debility, or a local reduction in host resistance to an overgrowth of their own indigenous flora. ![]() 1 Candida albicans is the species with the highest prevalence among human yeast isolates and is the main opportunistic yeast pathogen in most warm-blooded animals. Of the numerous pathogenic fungi, Candida is the dominant genus responsible for fungal diseases in humans. Depending on the interaction between the host’s mucosal defense mechanisms, fungal virulence factors, and antifungal utilization, colonization may be transient or persistent and local disease may ensue. ![]() Accordingly, humans are continually exposed to multiple genera of fungi via various routes, but particularly by the ingestion of food, allowing for the colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. In patients with fluconazole-refractory mucosal candidiasis, treatment options now include itraconazole solution, voriconazole, posaconazole, and the newer echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin).įungi are found ubiquitously in nature in association with plants and mammals. However, itraconazole and posaconazole have similar clinical response rates as fluconazole and are also effective alternative agents. Fluconazole has become the most widely used antifungal in the management of mucosal candidiasis. Candida esophagitis (CE) is also an important concern since it occurs in more than 10% of patients with AIDS and can lead to a decrease in oral intake and associated weight loss. A constant concern in these patients is relapse, which is dependent on the degree of immunosuppression commonly seen after topical therapy, rather than with systemic azole therapy. The systemic azoles, are generally safe and effective agents in HIV-infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis. Although numerous antifungal agents are available, azoles, both topical (clotrimazole) and systemic (fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole) have replaced older topical antifungals (gentian violet and nystatin) in the management of oropharyngeal candidiasis in these patients. Over 90% of patients with AIDS will develop oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) at some time during their illness. Fluconazole was also four times more likely to achieve cure than oral Nystatin suspension (P, 0.002, OR 3.7).Ĭonclusion: Fluconazole should be used as a first line medication in the treatment of oral candidiasis among patients living with HIV/AIDS in this facility and elsewhere were Nystatin is still in use.Mucocutaneous candidiasis is frequently one of the first signs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Bivariate analysis showed significant statistical difference in the efficacy of Fluconazole tablet over Nystatin suspension in the treatment of oral candidiasis. There was no treatment failure in the Fluconazole group. The cure rate for Nystatin suspension was 45.2 % after two weeks and 71.0 % after four weeks, 29.0 % of the subjects in the Nystatin group had treatment failure at the end of the four weeks of study. Results: The cure rate for Fluconazole was 77.4 % after two weeks and 100 % after four weeks. Sixty two well completed questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS 2010. Information sought included, socio-demographic characteristics, Baseline information, duration and cost of cure. A total of 72 pre-tested questionnaires were used. Subjects were followed-up weekly until they achieved clinical and laboratory cure. ![]() The intervention group received Fluconazole, while the control group received Nystatin suspension. The study participants were randomized into two groups after they met the inclusion criteria. ![]() The study was conducted between 15th September 2012 and 15th January, 2013 at DASH Lafia. Materials and methods: The study was a randomized control single blinded clinical trial to compare the efficacy of Fluconazole tablet with oral Nystatin suspension in the treatment of oral candidiasis. It leads to poor adherence, poor feeding, depression, loss of man hours, deterioration of patient's state of health and consequently death. It limits patients from feeding and interferes with the intake of HAART, as the patients find it difficult to swallow food and their medications. Background: Oral candidiasis is the most common HIV/AIDs related complication. ![]()
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